apa reference guide
We know APA can be confusing. That's why we've created this easy to use guide for APA citations in your papers.
Citing a Periodical
A periodical is any regularly published document such as an academic journal, newsletter, or magazine
Single Author:
Author, A. A.(Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pp-pp. doi:xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Example:
Prata-Silva, L. E. (2016). APA references for everyone. A Journal for People Who Like Citing Stuff, 26(5), 162-175. ____ _________doi:10.1037/rmh0000008
2-7 Authors:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pp-pp.
doi:xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Example:
Prata-Silva, L. E, & Hart, E. N. (2016). The reason why we must cite journals. A Journal for People Who Like Citing Stuff, 26(10), ________335-342. doi:10.1037/rmh0000012
8+ Authors:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., . . . Author, Z. Z. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pp-pp. doi:xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Example:
Prata-Silva, L. E., Hart, E. N., Person, A. A., Person, B. B., Person, C. C., Person, D. D., . . . Ricottilli, H. A. (2016). That time nine people wrote this article together. A Journal for People Who Like Citing Stuff, 26(12), 459-600. doi:10.1037/rmh0000014
Unpublished Work:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of Manuscript. Unpublished manuscript [or "Manuscript submitted for publication," or "Manuscript ________in preparation"].
Example:
Ricottilli, H. A. (2016). How to Not Mess Up When You Know You Messed Up. Manuscript in preparation.
Unpublished Work With University Cited:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of Manuscript. Unpublished manuscript [or "Manuscript submitted for publication," or "Manuscript ________in preparation"], Title of Department, Name of University, Location.
Example:
Hart, E. N., & Prata-Silva, L. E. (2016). Where Did the Cow Go? Unpublished manuscript, Department of Imagination, University of ________Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.
A periodical is any regularly published document such as an academic journal, newsletter, or magazine
Single Author:
Author, A. A.(Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pp-pp. doi:xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Example:
Prata-Silva, L. E. (2016). APA references for everyone. A Journal for People Who Like Citing Stuff, 26(5), 162-175. ____ _________doi:10.1037/rmh0000008
2-7 Authors:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pp-pp.
doi:xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Example:
Prata-Silva, L. E, & Hart, E. N. (2016). The reason why we must cite journals. A Journal for People Who Like Citing Stuff, 26(10), ________335-342. doi:10.1037/rmh0000012
8+ Authors:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., . . . Author, Z. Z. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pp-pp. doi:xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Example:
Prata-Silva, L. E., Hart, E. N., Person, A. A., Person, B. B., Person, C. C., Person, D. D., . . . Ricottilli, H. A. (2016). That time nine people wrote this article together. A Journal for People Who Like Citing Stuff, 26(12), 459-600. doi:10.1037/rmh0000014
Unpublished Work:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of Manuscript. Unpublished manuscript [or "Manuscript submitted for publication," or "Manuscript ________in preparation"].
Example:
Ricottilli, H. A. (2016). How to Not Mess Up When You Know You Messed Up. Manuscript in preparation.
Unpublished Work With University Cited:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of Manuscript. Unpublished manuscript [or "Manuscript submitted for publication," or "Manuscript ________in preparation"], Title of Department, Name of University, Location.
Example:
Hart, E. N., & Prata-Silva, L. E. (2016). Where Did the Cow Go? Unpublished manuscript, Department of Imagination, University of ________Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.
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Citing a chapter in a book or an entry in a reference book:
Physical Book:
Author, A. A., & Author B. B. (1995). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp xxx-xxx).
________Location: Publisher.
Example:
Hart, E. N., & Ricottilli, H. A. (2015). You're Welcome. In L. E. Prata-Silva (Ed.), Living the Dream of Citation (pp 5-7). New
________York, NY: Shooting Star Publications.
Physical Book without an Author:
Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year). Title of Work. Location: Publisher.
Example:
Prata-Silva, L. E. (Ed.). (2018). I Saw the Future. Hollywood, CA: Luis' Fortune Publish Land.
Physical Book without an Author or Editor:
Title of Work. (Year). Location: publisher.
Example:
I Saw the Future. New York, NY: Luis' Fortune Publish Land.
Physical Book with Corporate Author:
Corporate Author. (Year). Title of Work (Report No. xxx). Location: Publisher.
Example:
The Library Squad. (2017). A Work in Progress (LNSS Publication No. 123). _Schenectady, NY: The Publish Crew.
Online Book with Website:
Author, A. A., & Author B. B. (1995). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp xxx-xxx). ________Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxxxx.
Example:
Hart, E. N., & Ricottilli, H. A. (2020). The Future of Revolution. In L. Prata-Silva, & S. Ricottilli (Eds.), Library is the Future: ________Don't Listen to Luis (pp 55-70). Retrieved from http://www.dontbelievetheseexamples.com.
Online Book with doi:
Author, A. A., & Author B. B. (1995). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp xxx-xxx). ________doi:xxxxxxxx
Example:
Bugs, B. B., Daffy, D. D., & Fudd, E. E.(1954). Looney IQ. In P. P. Le Pew, F. F. Leghorn, & S. S. Gonzales (Eds.), The Real Lives of Looney Tunes (pp 150-210). doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.160184.
Online Book without Author and/or Editor:
Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year). Title of chapter or entry. Title of Work. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxxx.
Example:
Utonium, P. P. (Ed.). (2000). Ingredients. How to Create the Perfect Little Girls. Retrieved from ________http://www.childhoodfromthe90s.com.
Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year). Title of chapter or entry. Title of Work. doi:xxxxxxxxxxx.
Example:
Utonium, P. P. (Ed.). (2000). Ingredients. How to Create the Perfect Little Girls. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.160184.
Title of chapter or entry. (Year). Title of Work. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxxx
Example:
Ingredients. (2000). How to Create the Perfect Little Girls. Retrieved from http://www.childhoodfromthe90s.com.
Title of chapter or entry. (Year). Title of Work. doi:xxxxxxxxxxx
Example:
Ingredients. (2000). How to Create the Perfect Little Girls. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.160184.
Book Chapter:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp xx-xx). Location: publisher.
Example:
Griffin, P. P. (2015). Behind the Gut. In S.S. MacFarlane Production (Ed.), Who is Peter Griffin? (pp 42-55). Quahog: FOX ________Production.
Online Book Chapter:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp xx-xx). Retrieved ________from http://www.xxxxxxxxx
Example:
Hart, E. N. (2016). The Kings and Queens of Citation. In H. A. Ricottilli, & L. E. Prata-Silva (Eds.), Anyone Can Achieve Citations (pp
________74-88). Retrieved from http://www.iamawebsite.com
Online Book Chapter with doi:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp xx-xx).
________doi: xxxxxxxxx
Example:
Prata-Silva, L. E. (2016). Advice to Someone. In H. A. Ricottilli (Ed.), Friendship Just Got Real (pp 8-12).
________doi:10.1037/rmh0000008.
*Note: If there are no pages present for the chapters, the title of the chapter or entry will suffice.
Physical Book:
Author, A. A., & Author B. B. (1995). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp xxx-xxx).
________Location: Publisher.
Example:
Hart, E. N., & Ricottilli, H. A. (2015). You're Welcome. In L. E. Prata-Silva (Ed.), Living the Dream of Citation (pp 5-7). New
________York, NY: Shooting Star Publications.
Physical Book without an Author:
Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year). Title of Work. Location: Publisher.
Example:
Prata-Silva, L. E. (Ed.). (2018). I Saw the Future. Hollywood, CA: Luis' Fortune Publish Land.
Physical Book without an Author or Editor:
Title of Work. (Year). Location: publisher.
Example:
I Saw the Future. New York, NY: Luis' Fortune Publish Land.
Physical Book with Corporate Author:
Corporate Author. (Year). Title of Work (Report No. xxx). Location: Publisher.
Example:
The Library Squad. (2017). A Work in Progress (LNSS Publication No. 123). _Schenectady, NY: The Publish Crew.
Online Book with Website:
Author, A. A., & Author B. B. (1995). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp xxx-xxx). ________Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxxxx.
Example:
Hart, E. N., & Ricottilli, H. A. (2020). The Future of Revolution. In L. Prata-Silva, & S. Ricottilli (Eds.), Library is the Future: ________Don't Listen to Luis (pp 55-70). Retrieved from http://www.dontbelievetheseexamples.com.
Online Book with doi:
Author, A. A., & Author B. B. (1995). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp xxx-xxx). ________doi:xxxxxxxx
Example:
Bugs, B. B., Daffy, D. D., & Fudd, E. E.(1954). Looney IQ. In P. P. Le Pew, F. F. Leghorn, & S. S. Gonzales (Eds.), The Real Lives of Looney Tunes (pp 150-210). doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.160184.
Online Book without Author and/or Editor:
Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year). Title of chapter or entry. Title of Work. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxxx.
Example:
Utonium, P. P. (Ed.). (2000). Ingredients. How to Create the Perfect Little Girls. Retrieved from ________http://www.childhoodfromthe90s.com.
Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year). Title of chapter or entry. Title of Work. doi:xxxxxxxxxxx.
Example:
Utonium, P. P. (Ed.). (2000). Ingredients. How to Create the Perfect Little Girls. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.160184.
Title of chapter or entry. (Year). Title of Work. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxxx
Example:
Ingredients. (2000). How to Create the Perfect Little Girls. Retrieved from http://www.childhoodfromthe90s.com.
Title of chapter or entry. (Year). Title of Work. doi:xxxxxxxxxxx
Example:
Ingredients. (2000). How to Create the Perfect Little Girls. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.160184.
Book Chapter:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp xx-xx). Location: publisher.
Example:
Griffin, P. P. (2015). Behind the Gut. In S.S. MacFarlane Production (Ed.), Who is Peter Griffin? (pp 42-55). Quahog: FOX ________Production.
Online Book Chapter:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp xx-xx). Retrieved ________from http://www.xxxxxxxxx
Example:
Hart, E. N. (2016). The Kings and Queens of Citation. In H. A. Ricottilli, & L. E. Prata-Silva (Eds.), Anyone Can Achieve Citations (pp
________74-88). Retrieved from http://www.iamawebsite.com
Online Book Chapter with doi:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp xx-xx).
________doi: xxxxxxxxx
Example:
Prata-Silva, L. E. (2016). Advice to Someone. In H. A. Ricottilli (Ed.), Friendship Just Got Real (pp 8-12).
________doi:10.1037/rmh0000008.
*Note: If there are no pages present for the chapters, the title of the chapter or entry will suffice.
Citing a nonperiodical web document or report:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of document. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Example:
Hart, E. N., Prata-Silva, L. E., & Ricottilli, H. A. (2015). Yes You Can Make Citations. Retrieved from http://www.myeyes.com
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of document. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Example:
Hart, E. N., Prata-Silva, L. E., & Ricottilli, H. A. (2015). Yes You Can Make Citations. Retrieved from http://www.myeyes.com
Citing an internal document:
Organization. (Year of last revision). Title of Policy. Location: Author (if there is one). Retrieved from: http://www.xxxxxxxxxxx
Example:
Ellis Medicine. (2015). Hand Hygiene and staff accountability. Schenectady, NY. Retrieved from:
https://intranet.ellismedicine.org/ManualsPolicies/_layouts/15/WopiFrame.aspx?sourcedoc=/ManualsPolicies/OrganizationalPo licyManual/Patient%20Care%207000%20%207999/Hand%20Hygiene%20and%20Staff%20Accountability.doc&action=default
Organization. (Year of last revision). Title of Policy. Location: Author (if there is one). Retrieved from: http://www.xxxxxxxxxxx
Example:
Ellis Medicine. (2015). Hand Hygiene and staff accountability. Schenectady, NY. Retrieved from:
https://intranet.ellismedicine.org/ManualsPolicies/_layouts/15/WopiFrame.aspx?sourcedoc=/ManualsPolicies/OrganizationalPo licyManual/Patient%20Care%207000%20%207999/Hand%20Hygiene%20and%20Staff%20Accountability.doc&action=default
An APA in text citation is designed to show the reader where in your work your citations provided information. As such, your in text citation should act as a flag for whatever reference you are using in this section of your work. APA works in an author-date method of citation e.g. (Author's last name, Year).
If the article does not have author, then for the author section reference to the article's citation in the reference page and use whatever comes before the date in the citation.
If the source is cited with an editor or a publisher, then use the publisher or editor's last name in place of the author's.
If you already included the author's earlier in the sentence, then you only put the year in the in text citation e.g. (Year).
If the reference has no date, then in the date section put n.d. to indicate that there is "no date".
If there is more than one author but less than six on the first citation, then cite all of the authors. But in all subsequent citations, use the first author followed by et al.
When there are more than six authors, cite only the last name of the first author followed by et al.
If you are citing a personal communication with someone, then only cite it in text in the form (A.A. Interviewee, personal communication, Month Day, Year).
If the article does not have author, then for the author section reference to the article's citation in the reference page and use whatever comes before the date in the citation.
If the source is cited with an editor or a publisher, then use the publisher or editor's last name in place of the author's.
If you already included the author's earlier in the sentence, then you only put the year in the in text citation e.g. (Year).
If the reference has no date, then in the date section put n.d. to indicate that there is "no date".
If there is more than one author but less than six on the first citation, then cite all of the authors. But in all subsequent citations, use the first author followed by et al.
When there are more than six authors, cite only the last name of the first author followed by et al.
If you are citing a personal communication with someone, then only cite it in text in the form (A.A. Interviewee, personal communication, Month Day, Year).
The Cochrane database creates the citation of the article for you, simply click the button in the red box down below.
After clicking the "Cite" button above scroll through the citation formats section until you find APA. Then copy and paste the citation into your reference page.
Duley, L. (2012). Altered dietary salt for preventing pre-eclampsia, and its complications. Cochrane Database Of Systematic Reviews, (2), doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005548